Gourt > Sports > Orienteering (5)
Orienteering is a running sport involving navigation with a map and compass. The traditional form (sometimes referred to as "Foot Orienteering" or "Foot-O") involves cross-country running, though other forms have evolved. The competition is a timed race in which individual participants use a special purpose map and a magnetic compass to navigate through diverse terrain (often wooded) and visit, in sequence, control points that are indicated on the map. The course of control points is kept a secret from competitors before the start, when they are provided with a detailed topographic map on which the course is marked. Competitors start at staggered intervals, are individually timed, and are expected to perform all navigation skills on their own. Standings are determined first by successful completion of the course, then by shortest time on course. Rules and principles of the sport are defined by the International Orienteering Federation.
The English name derives from the Swedish word "orientering". The term was first used to describe the sport in 1918 by Major Ernst Killander, then President of the Stockholm Amateur Athletic Association, in publicity for the first large scale competitive meet held in Sweden.Palmer, Peter (1997). The Complete Orienteering Manual. Wiltshire, England: The Crowood Press Ltd., ISBN Booksoures/1861260954, p. 19.
History
Early days
Orienteering originated in Scandinavia, as a military exercise, in the late 19th century. The competitive sport form began in Norway where the first competition was sponsored by the Tjalve Sports Club on 31 October 1897 and held near Oslo. The course was quite long by modern standards, at 19.5 km, on which only three controls were placed. Peder Fossum won the event in a time of 1 hour, 47 minutes, and 7 seconds.Palmer, Peter (1997). The Complete Orienteering Manual. Wiltshire, England: The Crowood Press Ltd., ISBN Booksoures/1861260954, p. 18-19. The first large scale orienteering meet was organized in 1918 by Major Ernst Killander of Stockholm, Sweden. Killander was a scout leader who turned to the sport as an opportunity to interest youth in athletics. The first large scale event was organized south of Stockholm and was attended by 220 athletes.Boga, Steven (1997). Orienteering: The Sport of Navigating with Map & Compass. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, USA: Stackpole Books. ISBN Booksources/0811728706. p. 1. Killander continued to develop the rules and principles of the sport, and today is widely regarded throughout Scandinavia as the "Father of Orienteering." More on [ Orienteering ]
Outdoors Recreation
Letterboxing :: Outdoors
Orienteering and Rogaining :: Outdoors
Land :: Navigation
Military Pentathlon :: Multi Sports
British Orienteering
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Compass Sport - Britain's national orienteering magazine. Full event coverage with worldwide circulation.
Meta Description: [ Joomla - the dynamic portal engine and content management system ]
How Stuff Works - Illustrated tutorial explains magnetic compass operation and shows how to make your own compass.
Meta Description: [ A compass is a simple device that is highly useful for navigation. Find out why a compass always points north and learn how to build your own compass. ]
How To Use a Compass - An illustrated compass tutorial. It teaches how to use a compass in several lessons. From an easy introduction to how to find the way in dense fog or if you haven't got a compass. Also contains suggested exercises.
Meta Description: [ Kjetil Kjernsmo's illustrated compass
tutorial. It teaches how to use a compass in several lessons. From an
easy introduction to how to find the way in dense fog or if you
haven't got a compass. Also contains suggested exercises. ]
Hungarian Orienteering - Includes general facts about Hungary, council members of the Hungarian Orienteering Federation, list of local Federations and clubs, links to Hungarian orienteers, results, profiles of the Hungarian National Team, 2000 and 2001 Hungarian Cup results, clickable local maps, Hall of Fame, and related links.
Meta Description: [ Hungarian Orienteering Homepage: tájfutó információk angolul ]
Map Reading and Land Navigation - Online manual on map reading and land navigation based on US Army training materials which includes instructions on maps, compasses and other navigational aids.
Meta Description: [ Learn how to survive outdoors, in the wilderness. ]
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Maps and Compasses - Extensive coverage of navigation, not only for orienteering.
Meta Description: [ Homepage of the Maps and Compasses website, with a description of the site's aims and goals as a set of student training guidelines in the art and science of general navigation. ]
North by the Moon - Shows 2 methods of finding direction.
Meta Description: [ Finding North from the moon. ]
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Northwest Adventures - Produces multi-discipline, muscle powered adventure races in the Pacific Northwest.
Meta Description: [ The TRIOBA Adventure Racing Series. TRIOBA 24-Hour,
TRIOBA Sprints, and NW Adventures Clinics. ]
Orienteering - Information on the sport and the skills needed to play it. Includes diagrams and pictures.
Orienteering and Rogaining Home Page - The oldest of the large orienteering pages on the net. This page has been around for more than six years.
Orienteering for the Young - A booklet about orienteering by James Baker. It explains in several pages how a course for beginners are made.
Orienteering in Ireland - Clubs, fixtures, results, news, magazine, forum and links are provided, as well as an explanation of the sport and details of the Irish Orienteering Association.
Orienteering Online - Offers news, articles, and interviews.
Meta Description: [ Orienteering Online ]
Orienteering Unlimited - Provides information about the sport of orienteering. In addition, it describes the program and map making services offered by Orienteering Unlimited.
Meta Description: [ Orienteering-related services including map making, workshops, corporate training. ]
Scientific Journal of Orienteering - Abstracts of articles included in the journal and subscription information. Also describes how to contribute to the periodical.
Slovakian Orienteering Homepage - Information about Slovak Orienteering in English by Juraj Petrinec. Terrain descriptions, news, archives, contacts, and links.
The Western Orienteering and Land Navigation Adventure Company - Field trips with instruction in map, compass, and Global Positioning Systems. Teaches bearings, triangulate, plot co-ordinate grids, compensate for declination and read topographic maps.
Meta Description: [ Colorado orienteering field trips with instruction in map, compass, and Global Positioning Systems. Learn to take bearings, triangulate, plot co-ordinate grids, compensate for declination and read topographic maps ]
Treasure Hunt Adventures - Offers orienteering training events throughout the US. Specializes in school programs, teacher training seminars and corporate team building. Contact information and explanation of services.
Meta Description: [ Learn team building and orienteering skills at your next corporate or school event using fun, map-based games. Great for special events and private parties indoors or outdoors. ]
What is Orienteering? - Description of the sport, as well as map legends, control symbols and how to teach the game.
Wilderness Survival: Field-Expedient Direction Finding - Describes how to use the sun and shadows for determining direction with illustrations. Also includes information on how to use the stars for finding direction and making an improvised compass.
Meta Description: [ Describes how to find directions using readily available materials in a survival situation. Includes diagrams. ]
World of O - An extensive index of orienteering sites maintained by Norwegian orienteer Jan Kocbach.
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